S/N | Property | B. vulgaris used in the study | Bambooes globally | Sugar cane bagasse | Deciduous hardwoods | Coconut coir |
A. | Fiber dimensions | |||||
i. | Fiber length (mm) | 2.91 (0.072) | 1.360 - 4.030 | 1.7 | 1.25 | 1.0 |
ii. | Fiber dimeter (μm) | 18.08 (1.68) | 8.0 - 30.0 | 20 | 25 | 10 - 20 |
iii. | Lumen width (μm) | 10.04 (1.3) | = | = | = | = |
iv. | Cellwall thickness (μm) | 3.98 (0.27) | = | = | = | = |
v. | Slenderness ratio | 160.95:1 | 135 - 175:1 | 85:1 | 50:1 | = |
vi. | Culm diameter (cm) | 10.65 (0.78) | = | = | = | = |
vii. | Culm wall thickness (cm) | 1.8 (0.43) | = | = | = | = |
viii. | Chem. length | 30.43 (1.65) | = | = | = | = |
ix. | Bamboo specific gravity | 0.68 (0.08) | = | = | = | 1.15 |
B. | Proximate chemical analysis | |||||
i. | Cold water solubility (%) | 3.09 (0.18) | = | 3.42 | = | = |
ii. | Hot water solubility (%) | 5.60 (0.52) | 4.4 | 7.42 | 5.25 | |
iii. | 1% NaOH solubility (%) | 19.8 (0.91) | = | 32.2 | ||
iv. | Alcohol benzene (1:2 v/v) | 5.0 (0.70) | 3.2 | 1.85 | = | 3.0 |
v. | Ash (%) | 2.51 (0.36) | 1.7 - 5.3 | 1.5 - 5 | <1.0 | 2.22 |
vi. | Silicon (%) | = | 1.5 - 3 | 0.7 - 3 | <1.0 | = |
vii. | Pentosan (%) | 17.12 (0.33) | 15 - 26 | 27 - 33 | 19 - 26 | = |
viii. | Cellulose (%) | 53.64 (0.87) | = | = | = | 43 |
ix. | Hellocellulose (%) | 62.9 | 57 - 66 | 49 - 62 | 54 - 61 | = |
x. | Lignin (%) | 25.88 (0.43) | 21 - 31 | 19 - 24 | 23 - 30 | 45 |